Key Qualifications

Dr. Scherrer is a Senior Peace and Conflict Researcher, Genocide Scholar; Practitioner of Conflict Prevention/Resolution; Social and Political Scientist; he works on theory and applications for structural prevention of genocide and mass violence, addressing the root causes of complex emergencies, and deals with various forms of (pre- and post-) conflict reconstruction and resolution. He is an expert in preventive measures and peace strategies, e.g. violence alert, development of criteria for alert; systems of early warning / early action; schemes of justice in transition; empowerment of local actors; he is also engaged in advocacy for civil organizations, governments, and International Organizations.

From 1985 to 2002 he was conducting field research in deadly conflicts in Central America, Burma/SE-Asia, Eastern and Central Africa, ex-USSR; currently he is researching post-conflict reconstruction in Afghanistan, the making of a state in East Timor, the difficult peace process in Sri Lanka since 2002, and peace and confidence building in the Basque Country / Euskal Herria, Spain, since 1998; he has carried out action research, advocacy and policy advising in the Great Lakes Region since 1994, Burma and the Horn of Africa since 1989-90 and in East Africa since 1982.

Scherrer is author and editor of three dozen conflict and post-conflict related analysis and studies. Pioneering works include the issues of Responses to Genocide, Preventing Conflict, Conflict Management, Post-Conflict Peace Building, UN PKOs, Ethnicity and State in Conflict. He publishes the ECOR Studies and Compilers Series and the first ever handbooks series on “Ethno-nationalism”. He is a Board member of the Institute for Research on Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution (IRECOR-IFEK) in Moers, Germany.

Country Experience by Field Research or Fact-finding Missions

Africa                    :         Rwanda; Burundi; Congo; Tanzania; Kenya; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Sudan; Egypt; Maghreb

Eurasia                   :         Burma and SE-Asia; SW-China; NE-India; East Timor; Afghanistan; Sri Lanka; Israel-Palestine; Crimea/Ukraine; Basque Country/Spain

Central America       :         Nicaragua; Panama; Guatemala; Mexico

Recent or Forthcoming Publications  (Selection):

Books and Monographs Forthcoming:

1.      Genocide in the 20th Century: Cases and Issues Compared-Lessons Learned. Vols. 1-8. Planned 2005-15

2.  Post-Conflict Reconstruction Compared: The Cases of Rwanda, Burundi, Sri Lanka, Bosnia, East Timor, Cambodia and Afghanistan. Planned for 2009-11

3.  Sri Lanka: Targeting Minorities: From Massacres and Civil War to a Troubled Peace Process and Back to War. Tsunami Scandal and Political Crisis. Study and Compiler of Interviews. Planned for 2009-11

4.  Aggression War against Iraq, Crimes against Humanity, U.S. Unilateralism, the U.N., and Perspectives for Accountability. Study. Forthcoming 2009-10

5.  Genozid, Krieg und Krise in Zentralafrika. Vol. 2, IFEK-IRECOR, forthcoming, 2009-10

6.  Genocide and Mass Violence in the 20th and 21st Centuries: An Introduction. Comparative Genocide Studies 1. 2^nd revised edition. IFEK-IRECOR, forthcoming, 2009-10

7.  Genozid, Krieg und Krise in Zentralafrika. Vol. 1, IFEK-IRECOR, forthcoming 2008-9

8.  Genocide and Mass Violence in South, Southeast and East Asia. Comparative Genocide Studies 3. IFEK-IRECOR, forthcoming, 2008-9

9.  Genocide and Nuclear Extermination. Comparative Genocide Studies 2. IFEK-IRECOR, forthcoming, 2008-9

10.  Responses to Genocide. African Solutions and the Role of the International Community. Westport CT/London: Præger, forthcoming, 2008-9

Books and Monographs Published (2001-present):

11.  Disappearance of Clausewitzean Warfare: Types of Mass Violence, Global Trends and Ways for Violence Prevention. Advances in Conflict Theory, Analysis and World Conflict Index. Moers: IFEK-IRECOR, 2008

12. Genocide and Mass Violence in West Asia. Comparative Genocide Studies. Moers: IFEK-IRECOR 2008

13.  African Great Lakes Region: Responses to Genocide and Crisis. Monograph. Moers: IFEK-IRECOR 2008

14.  Responses to Genocide. The Case of Rwanda: Nation-wide Launch of the Gacaca Jurisdiction. Assessment, Recommendations. Moers: IFEK-IRECOR 2007

15.   (Ed.) Genocide and Mass Violence in the 20th and 21st Centuries: An Introduction. Comparative Genocide Studies 1. Moers: IFEK-IRECOR 2005

16.   Ethnicity, Nationalism and Violence. Conflict Management, Human Rights and Multilateral Regimes. Aldershot/Burlington/Singapore: Ashgate, 2003  http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&title_id=5944&edition_id=6317

17.   Structural Prevention of Ethnic Violence. Regulating Conflict through Autonomy, Nationality Policies, and Self‑governance. Houndmills/New York: Palgrave, 2002  http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?PID=259808

18.   Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa: Conflict Roots, Mass Violence, and Regional War. Westport CT/London: Præger, 2001 http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/C7224.aspx

19.   War in the Congo. Moers: IFEK-IRECOR, 2001

Author of IFEK-Reports (ISSN 1432-2838) (2001-present):

20. Ethnizität und Militärdiktatur in Burma. Moers: IFEK-IRECOR, forthcoming

21. Horn von Afrika: Regimewechsel in Äthiopien, Sezession von Eritrea, Staatszerfall in Somalia und abessinischer Bruderkrieg. Moers: IFEK-IRECOR, forthcoming

22. Genozid, Krieg und Krise in Zentralafrika. Verarbeitung der Folgen von Massengewalt und die Rolle der Weltgemeinschaft. IFEK-Report 6. Moers: IFEK-IRECOR 2002

Author/Editor/Co-editor of ECOR-Books and Monographs Series (ISBN 978-3-932446-) (2001-present):

23. Rwanda’s Response to Genocide: Establishing Gachacha Jurisdiction. Assessment, Analysis and Recommendations. Report to Inkiko-Gacaca. Kigali, 2005.

24. Far from Oromia? Ethiopia’s existential antagonism remains virulent. Analysis and Compiler of interviews. (ECOR 21). Moers: IFEK-IRECOR, 2003

25. Free Nagaland – NE-India’s Unsolved Question. Analysis of Current Deadlock and Compiler of Interviews. (ECOR 20). Moers: IFEK-IRECOR, 2002

Recent Encyclopaedia Contributions/Book Chapters/Journal Articles (2001-present):

26. “Prevention of Violent Conflict by Structural Accommodation”, in Kurts, Lester (ed.-in-chilf): Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict. 2^nd ed. London: Elsevier 2008, forhtcoming.

27. “Violent Conflict: Contemporary Warfare, Mass Violnece and Genocide-Datasets, Typologies, and Trends”, in Kurts, Lester (ed.-in-chilf): Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict. 2^nd ed. London: Elsevier 2008, forhtcoming.

28. “UN Reform für das 21. Jahrhundert”; Wissenschaft & Frieden, no.4/Oct.2006, 47-50.

29. ‘Minorities/Discrimination’; in Leonard, Thomas M. (ed.): Encyclopedia of the Developing World. New York/London: Routledge, 2005, 1059-1064.

30. ‘Ethnic Conflict: Mexico and Central America’; in Leonard, Thomas M. (ed.): Encyclopedia of the Developing World. New York/London: Routledge, 2005, 605-609.

31. ‘Burundi’; in Leonard, Thomas M. (ed.): Encyclopedia of the Developing World. New York/London: Routledge, 2005, 211-213.

32. ‘Ethnicity’; in Dinah L. Shelton (chief ed.): Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. New York: Macmillan Reference, 2005, vol. 1, 306-309

33. ‘Some Elements of a Theory of Ethno-nationalism: Causes, Structural Features, Remedies and its Application on the Basque Conflict.’ In: Gutierrez, Juan and Txomin Hernández: Nationalism, Conflict and Reconciliation. Onati: IISL 2003

34. “Ethiopia—Twelve Years After the Fall of Mengistu”, in Bruchhaus, Eva Maria (ed.): Hotspot Horn of Africa - Between Integration and Disintegration. Munster, London: LIT 2003, 11-25

35. ‘Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Challenges and Framework Priorities’; in Azimi, Nassrine et al / UNITAR: Post-Conflict Reconstruction. New York and Geneva: United Nations Publications 2003, 303-307

36. ‘Contemporary Mass Violence’, in: Structural Prevention of Ethnic Violence. Hounmills/New York: Palgrave, 2002http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/0333752066.pdf

37. ‘Rassismus, Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Diskriminierung in Europa. Zwölf Schritte für eine antirassistische Strategie’, in: Widerspruch, 21. Jg., Nr. 41, Dezember 2001, 111-122

38. “Feindbild Islam und ‘Kampf der Kulturen’? - Kritik an Huntington”; in: Lehners, Jean-Paul et Joao Paulo Bento (eds.): L’Islam et l’espace euro-méditerranéen. Luxembourg (Centre Universitaire de Luxembourg) 2001, 99-120

39. ‘Interstaatlicher Konflikt, Ethnizität und Massengewalt’; in: Butterwegge, Christoph / Hentges, Gudrun (eds.): Migration und Flucht im Zeichen der Globalisierung. Opladen: Leske + Budrich 2001, 47-61

Book Chapters and Studies (2001-present):

40. Towards a Theory of Modern Genocide. 2008 forthcoming

41. “The Making of a New State: Roles of UN and Civil Society, Successes, Failures and Challenges Ahead in Timor Leste” In: Vesa, Unto and Jouko Huru (eds.): The Role of Civil Society in Conflict Resolution. Asian and European Perspectives. Tampere: TAPRI 2007, 114-159.

42. An Obituary on the WGIP: The Human Rights Council has destroyed the UN Working Group on Indigenous Peoples just weeks before its 25^th birthday. A call for world-wide protests. Version 12 July 2007.

43. Cambodia's Khmer Rouge Genocide: Struggle for Late Justice. Study and report on the launching of a hybrid UN-Cambodian court the contribution made by Cambodian NGOs. Phnom Penh, March 2007

44. “Accountability for Mass Crimes and Aggression War Committed in Iraq. The Kuala Lumpur Initiative to Criminalise War” Kuala Lumpur: PGPO, Feb 2007

45. “US-UK Aggression of Iraq: The International People's Tribunal Movements and the Quest for Justice. International Law Panel.” Transcript of Speech; in: World Uranium Weapons Conference, WUWC: The Trojan Horses of Nuclear War. Testimonials, Presentations, Resolutions. A Reader. Hamburg: GAAA-NEIS / Oberhausen: imprenta, May 2005: 164-167; also online at http://www.traprockpeace.org/wuwc_reader5_intl_law.pdf

46.   Accountability for Serious Crimes and the Challenges for the World Tribunal on Iraq. Rome: Lelio Basso Foundation, FILB May 2004

47.   Äthiopien - die ungelöste Oromo-Frage und die Menschenrechte: Oromo-Flüchtlinge in Kenia und im Sudan. Bericht über die Erkundungsmission, in Auftrag der Oromo Relief Association und des Berliner Missionswerks. Evangelischer Pressedienst, Frankfurt am Main, 9. Dez. 2002,: epd-Dokumentation, no. 51.

48.   Ethiopia’s Unsolved Promo Question and Human Rights – Voices of Oromo Refugees in Kenya and Sudan. Berlin: EPD, 52e, 2003

49.   ‘Racism, Xenophobia and Discrimination in the Enlarging Europe—Findings and Essentials doe Anti-Racist Strategies: Ten Steps Forward’, in Schmidt, Hajo and Uwe Trittmann (eds.) Kultur und Konflikt. Dialog mit Johan Galtung. Münster: agenda verlag 2002, 167-200

50.   Genocide and Genocide Prevention: General Outlines Exemplified with the Cataclysm in Rwanda. Copenhagen: Vandkunsten, 2002 (http://www.diis.dk/graphics/COPRI_publications/COPRI_publications/publications/workingpapers.htm)

51.   Äthiopien: die ungelöste Oromo-Frage und die Menschenrechte. Oromo-Flüchtlinge in Kenia und im Sudan. epd Dok 51/2002. See http://www.epd.de/dokumentation/dokumentation_index_11654.html

Articles/Online Contributions (2001-present):

52.  Ongoing Legacy of War, Mass Violence and Genocide: World Conflict Index, Recent Cases, Issues and Trends. Hiroshima University lectures, HCU, Oct 2007; see http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2007/2007-2/071017.pdf

53.  Peace, War and Mass Violence: Concepts and their Realities. Lectures at Hiroshima City University, Summer 2007, available at http://www.intl.hiroshima‑cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2007/2007-1/070613.pdf

54.  The Future of the UN WGIP. Paper and speech given at Session of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations (UN WGIP) of the Sub2 of the UN Human Rights Council, Geneva, 4 August 2006 (doCip) http://www.docip.org/WGIP06/wgip06_181.pdf

55.  “Standard-Setting and Possible New Studies”. UN WGIP 24^th Session, Geneva, July-August 2006. At Indigenous Peoples' Center for Documentation, Research & Information, doCip http://www.docip.org/WGIP06/wgip06_159.pdf

56.  Review of Key Developments (Item 4a), [incl. genocides in Darfur, Sudan, and vs. Mbuti, DR Congo, atrocities by Burmese military vs. the Karen and Karenni, indiscriminate terror bombardments by Sri Lankan Air Force in the Northeast; positive developments, first Amerindian president in Bolivia, Evo Morales, a/o]. Paper/speech given at WGIP, HRC, Sub2, UN Geneva, July‑Aug 2006 http://www.docip.org/WGIP06/wgip06_7.pdf

57.  “What is the Meaning of Peace and Where Is Peace to Be Found in Our World” Lectures at Hiroshima City University, Summer 2005, URL at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/

58.  “Expert Wants France Sued for its Role in 1990's Genocide” Dr Christian Scherrer contradicts Allison DesForges, HRW, on acts by the Belgian priest and génocidaire Guy Theunis and French military planners. http://www.newtimes.co.rw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1120&Itemid=1 The New Times, Kigali, Sept. 18, 2005

59.  “Ongoing Legacy of Genocide: Recent Cases and Issues” Lectures at Hiroshima City University, Fall 2005, URL at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2005/2005-2/051109.pdf

60.   “Ein neuer nuklearer Genozid ist jederzeit möglich” 60 Jahre nach ‘Hiroshima’: Die Angst vor dem Terrorismus hat fatalerweise die Angst vor einem Nuklearkrieg verdrängt. (A new nuclear genocide is anytime possible. 60 years after Hiroshima: The fear of group terrorism has replaced the much more real fear of nuclear war) http://www.onlinereports.ch/2005/AtombombeHiroshima.htm

61.   Speech given on Principal Item 4b: “Indigenous peoples and conflict resolution” at the 22^nd session of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations of the Sub2 of the United Nations Human Rights Commission, Geneva, 19-23 July 2004, at UN-HCHR site http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/indigenous/docs/statements22.htm/HPI.doc

62.   « Les Forts en Thème. Rwanda 1994-2004. » Reportages sur les traces de la paix. (2h audio in French; click sign for radio; Interview Scherrer with Renaud on ICTR-TPIR ~21:00;  interview with Scherrer on gachacha ~30:00-34:00; order to kill, guarantees of impunity, interview with killer ~45:30; spill-over from Congo/Burundi ~106; interview with killers ~114; ongoing genocidal mentality among génocidaires: equation of war and genocide, up to justification of killings ~123; survivor/children 126; child killer 130)

63.   Genocide in Darfur, Sudan? Lectures at HiroshimaCity University, November 2004, URL at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2004/2004-2/0411101.pdf

64.   The US-UK Engineered Genocidal Sanctions against Iraqi people 1990–2003 with Ongoing Effect. Fall 2004, URL at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2004/2004-2/0411102.pdf

65.   “Contemporary Mass Violence: Concepts, Issues and Cases”, Lectures at Hiroshima City University, Spring 2004, URL at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2004/2004-1/040707.pdf

66.   Contemporary Mass Violence: Case Studies and Issues (Afghanistan, Iraq, Radiological Warfare, Indiscriminate Bombing and Genocide by Abuse of Sanctions; Lectures at Hiroshima City University, Winter 2004, URL at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2003/2003-2/0312031.pdf

67. Change of US Strategy after the 9-11 Terrorism. Lectures at Hiroshima City University, Fall 2004, URL at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2003/2003-2/031126.pdf

68.  “The US-UK Engineered Genocidal Sanctions against Iraq 1990–2003.” Speech at ICTI, Tokyo, Sept 2003 http://www.icti-e.com/GeneratedItems/Scherrer%20Speech.pdf

69. “Issues of the Study of Violent Conflicts and Genocides”, at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2003/2003-2/0312032.pdf

70. “Contemporary Mass Violence: Case Studies and Issues”, at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2003/2003-2/0312031.pdf

71. “Politically Speaking”, http://ravynemyst.diaryland.com/030427_60.html

72. The Planned Independent International Tribunal – A Brief Introduction”, http://www.irakmonitor.de/tribunal/diskussion/planned_iraq-tribunal_scherrer%2003-11.pdf

73. “Invasion of Iraq, the U.N., U.S. Unilateralism and Crimes against Humanity: Perspectives for Accountability”. Santiago de Chile: PFPC-PNSP 2003 (download at http://www.rrojasdatabank.org/pfpc/accounta.pdf; also ob the website of the World Uranium Weapons Conference, at http://www.uraniumweaponsconference.de/speakers/scherrer_iraq.pdf)

74. Basic documents; Action to indict Bush-Blair et al website, on the website of the World Uranium Weapons Conference, at http://www.uraniumweaponsconference.de/speakers/scherrer_iraq.pdf

75. Speech on “Perspectives  of Accountability for the Crimes against Humanity commited by Use of Uranium Weapons” at the First World Uranium Weapons Conference, held at University of Hamburg Oct 16-19, 2003 (20:15 minutes - mp3) at http://www.traprockpeace.org/audio/scherrer.mp3

76. “Invasion of Iraq, the U.N., and the Threat of U.S. Unilateralism—Some Lessons”, Japan Center for Conflict Prevention: Dialogue Webpage for Conflicts Worldwide, JCCP-DWCW, 12 May 2003; also at http://www.chugoku-np.co.jp/Iraq/views/030518.html in Japanese

77. Issues of Genocide in the Modern and Contemporary World—Teaching Genocide from a Comparative Perspective, website of the Hiroshima City University, May 2003, at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2003/2003-1/Sche0302.pdf

78. Contemporary Violent Conflict World-Wide: Types, Index, Cases and Trends, Hiroshima City University Peace Studies Lectures, April 2003, at http://www.intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/~hyoshida/2003/2003-1/scherrer1.pdf

79. “DU bombardments in Iraq — effects will be genocidal”, see JCCP, Dialogue Webpage for Conflicts Worldwide, April 2003.

80. DU and the Liberation of Iraq. A Report from Hiroshima, on Z-net, 13 April 2003, at http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=3453

81. Depleted Uranium and the‘Liberation’of Iraq: A Report from Hiroshima, 13 April 2003, at http://www.japanfocus.org/030.html

82. “UN Sanctions Against US-UK, Bush-Blair must be Indicted for War Crimes by the ICC”, of 9 April 2003, at http://www.transnational.org/features/2003/Scherrer_USUKsanctions.html

83. “Indict Bush-Blair for war crimes — Sanctions vs. US-UK”, see Irakmonitor. (Reformulation of original placed on the Abolition Caucus on 22 March 2003). URL http://www.iraktribunal.de/diskussion/un_sanctions_against_us-uk_scherrer.html

84.  “September 11: What is new? What could have been done to prevent it?” on Dialogue Webpage for Conflicts Worldwide.

85. “Democidal attack against America.” on Dialogue Webpage for Conflicts Worldwide, originally written for TFF immediately following the events of 11 September 2001. Also: ‘Response out of Proportion?’ on Dialogue Webpage

*List of previous publications (-2000) 

Memberships and Boards
Boards      
Institute for Research on Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution (IRECOR), Institut für Ethnizitätsforschung und Konfliktbearbeitung (IFEK) e.V. / Moers, Germany;
Transcend International, a network of peace researchers & practitioners;
The Journal of Genocide Research, Oxford, U.K.;   
The Elmau Initiative: International Task Force to Stop Genocide (defunct)

Membership
Transcend International, network of peace researchers and practitioners; International Association for Genocide Scholars (IAGS); International Peace Research Association (IPRA); Ethnic Studies Network, (ENS); International Association for Conflict Management, IACM; International Studies Association, ISA; European Peace Research Association, EUPRA; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie DGS, Section Entwicklungssoziologie und Sozialanthropologie.

Recent Presentations at International Conferences
International Peace Research Association, IPRA, July 1990, Groningen; IPRA Nov. 1994, Malta; European Congress for Conflict Prevention, Amsterdam, Nov. 1996; Ethnic Studies Network, June 1997, Derry; International Association for Conflict Management, IACM, June 1997, Bonn; Goethe-Institute & Refa Partisi, Istanbul, Nov. 1997; International Federation for Peace and Reconciliation / Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sept. 1997, Moscow; FORUM/FES, Yalta, Mai 1998, IPRA July 1998, Durban, SAR; Conflict Prevention, Brussels. Sep 1998; Genocide in 20-Century, Stuttgart, Potsdam, Oct. 1998; Crisis in Central and Southern Africa, FES, Nov 1998, Berlin; Rwanda and Mass Traumatism, European University Center for Mental Health and Human Rights, Glostrup, Feb. 1999; Association for Genocide Scholars, Madison/Wisconsin, June 1999; Migration und Flucht im Zeichen der Globalisierung, Univ. zu Köln, Sept 1999; Comparative Genocide Research and Genocide Prevention, Workshop at the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust, Stockholm, Jan. 2000; Popular Justice in Rwanda, DCHR, Copenhagen Feb 2000; Neues Völkerrecht, Bad Boll, Feb 2000; Symposium on Culture and Conflict / Galtung 70, Iserlohn, Nov. 2000; Facing ethnic conflict, Bonn, Dec 2000; Rwanda Genozid: Die Täter, Fragen der Vergleichbarkeit und Notwendigkeit der Genozidprävention, Universität München, Dec 2000; Racism and Xenophobia: Policy Opportunities, Brussels/EP, March 2001; Prevention of Genocide, Schloss Elmau, April 2001; Nación, y Reconciliación, Guernica (Gogoratutz), Abril 2001; Nación, Estado y Autodeterminación: Un estudio comparado internacional, Oñate (IISL); Anti-Racism in the Enlarging Europe: Ten Steps Forward, Uppsala (Univ., Dept. of Sociology), June 2001; Structural Racism and the Anti-racist Response, Stockholm, Dec. 2001; Independence of East Timor: Debate and Ceremonies, Dili, East Timor, April/May 2002; Peuples autochtones contre la disparition de leur groupe de travail à l’ONU, UNCHR, WGIP, Subcommission 2, Genève, July 2002; The Rwanda Genocide-in-Whole in Comparative Perspective, International Workshop on Comparative Research into Genocide and Mass Violence, Hiroshima, March 2003; Responses to Total Genocide: Gachacha Jurisdiction in Rwanda and the Failure of the ICTR, Fifth Biennial IAGS Conference, Irish Human Rights Centre, Galway, Ireland, June 2003; Perspectives for Accountability for Crimes Committed in Iraq, European Network for Peace and Human Rights, Second meeting, Brussels July 2003; Genocidal Sanctions against the Iraqi People 1990-2003, Waseda University, Tokyo, October 2003; Accountability for War Crimes—Deadly Radiological Warfare in Iraq and Beyond, World Uranium Weapons conference, Hamburg, October 2003; Struggling for Accountability—People’s War Crimes Tribunal on Iraq Invasion, International preparatory commission for the International Crimes Tribunal on Iraq, Istanbul, Oct./Nov. 2003; International Conference—10 years Rwandan Genocide, Kigali, 2-6 April 2004; World Tribunal on Iraq, Rome, ILBF, 14-16 May 2004; United Nations: Indigenous Peoples and Conflict Resolution, Geneva, 19-23 July 2004; California State University: The 1994 Rwanda genocide-in-whole in comparative perspective, Keynote speech at 2^nd I’tl Conference on Genocide, Sacramento 14-16 Oct. 2004; Boca Raton, IAGS Sixth bi-annual conference 4-7 June: Opening Roundtable on Genocide Research Abroad, presentation on 6 June on Genocides-in-whole and their Aftermaths: Regime Change, Denial Accountability, Victims Rehabilitation and Memorialization, and Genocide by Sanctions. Review of the Evidence, Boca Raton, IAGS bi-annual conference, 7 June 2005. Ways for Transitional Justice in Bosnia, Truth Commissions and Civil Society Building, at the conference “Democracy and Human Rights in Multiethnic Societies”, Konjic, Bosnia, 13 July 2005. United Nations: Indigenous Peoples and Conflict Prevention and Resolution, Review of Key Developments (Item 4a), Standard-setting: Possible new studies, Item 5b, and The Future of the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Peoples, UN WGIP, Geneva: Palais des Nations, 31 July–4 Aug 2006. Perdana Global Peace Organization: People’s Tribunals--Perspectives of Accountability Massive Crimes. Conference “Criminalizing War”, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 4-7 February 2007. Central Africa: New Life in the ‘House of Death’: Reconstruction and Justice in Rwanda—De-escalation in Burundi—Pillage, Violence, and Elections in the Congo, Creating Spaces of Peace in Central Africa: Beyond War and Reconstruction in Burundi, Oxford University, 10-11 Sept. 2007 at Jesus College, Oxford. Sustainable Energy Options: A Matter of Survival in the Face of Galloping Climate Change, at “The First Regional Conference on Sustainable Development: Local Solutions for Global Problems”, at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang Malaysia, 19-21 August 2008.

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